Toledo is a city located in central Spain which served as a significant hub for translation works during the medieval period. This led to preservation and dissemination of ancient Greek knowledge throughout Europe.
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Translation Movement: A period of extensive translation activity during the Middle Ages where scholars translated Greek philosophical texts into Arabic then later into Latin.
Reconquista: The long process by which Christian kingdoms in northern Spain retook control from Muslims who had conquered much of Iberian Peninsula including Toledo.
Visigothic Kingdoms: Germanic tribes that took over Roman territories including what is now modern-day Toledo.