Slums: Slums are densely populated areas within cities characterized by low-quality or makeshift housing, lack of basic amenities like clean water and sanitation facilities, and high levels of poverty.
Infrastructure: Infrastructure refers to the physical systems and structures necessary for the functioning of a city or society. This includes roads, bridges, transportation networks (such as subways), water supply systems, etc.
Environmental Degradation: Environmental degradation refers to the deterioration of natural resources such as air quality, water pollution, deforestation due to human activities in urban areas. It can have negative impacts on both human health and ecosystems.