Nationalism: Nationalism refers to a strong sense of pride and loyalty towards one's own nation or ethnic group. In the context of West African resistance, nationalism played a significant role in fueling the desire for independence and self-rule.
Assimilation: Assimilation is a policy where colonizers attempt to make the colonized population adopt their language, culture, and customs. During the colonial period, France pursued assimilation policies in West Africa that were met with resistance.
Anti-colonial movements: Anti-colonial movements encompassed organized efforts by indigenous populations to oppose and overthrow colonial rule. These movements aimed at reclaiming sovereignty and establishing independent nations free from foreign domination.