Emancipation Proclamation: An executive order issued by President Abraham Lincoln in 1862 declaring slaves in Confederate territory free (though it didn’t immediately end slavery).
Abolitionism: A movement to end slavery that existed largely in the North during decades prior to Civil War and included famous abolitionists such as Frederick Douglass and Harriet Tubman.
Black Codes: Laws passed by Southern states after Civil War with intent to restrict African Americans' freedom and force them into labor due to low wages or debt.