A. Philip Randolph was a prominent African American labor leader and civil rights activist in the 20th century. He organized the first predominantly African American labor union, the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters.
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Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters: This was the first labor union led by African Americans that fought for equal rights and fair wages for Pullman car porters.
March on Washington Movement: An initiative led by A. Philip Randolph during World War II to protest against racial discrimination in defense industries and armed forces.
Civil Rights Movement: The nationwide struggle, particularly during 1950s and 1960s, aimed at ending racial segregation and discrimination against African Americans and securing legal recognition and federal protection of their citizenship rights.