Bill of Rights: The first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution that protect individual rights such as freedom of speech, religion, and due process.
Reconstruction Amendments: These include three amendments (the 13th, 14th, and 15th) ratified after the Civil War that aimed to abolish slavery, grant citizenship and equal protection under the law to former slaves, and ensure voting rights for African American men.
Equal Rights Amendment (ERA): A proposed amendment that sought to guarantee equal legal rights for all citizens regardless of sex. Although it was never ratified, it sparked significant debates on gender equality in America.