Robber barons: Industrialists who became extremely wealthy during this period through questionable business practices, often at the expense of workers and smaller competitors.
Monopolies: Large corporations that gained control over an entire industry or market, limiting competition and exerting significant influence over prices and production.
Laissez-faire capitalism: An economic ideology that advocates for minimal government intervention in business affairs, allowing for free market forces to determine prices, wages, and production levels.