The annexation of Texas refers to when Texas joined the United States as its 28th state in 1845. This followed nearly a decade after it won independence from Mexico and existed as an independent Republic.
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Republic of Texas: This was an independent sovereign country in North America that existed from March 2, 1836, until February 19, 1846 when it accepted US statehood.
Texas Revolution: A rebellion of colonists from the United States and Tejanos (Texas Mexicans) in putting up armed resistance to the centralist government of Mexico which led to establishing Republic of Texas.
Sam Houston: He was an American politician and soldier who played a key role in bringing Texas into the United States.