Civil Rights Movement: A struggle by African Americans in the mid-1950s to late 1960s to achieve civil rights equal to those of whites, including equal opportunity in employment, housing, and education, as well as the right to vote.
Malcolm X: An African-American Muslim minister and human rights activist who was a popular figure during the civil rights movement. He is best known for his controversial advocacy for black rights and his indictment of white America in the harshest terms for its crimes against black Americans.
Pan-Africanism: A worldwide intellectual movement that aims to encourage and strengthen bonds of solidarity between all indigenous and diaspora ethnic groups of African descent.