Treaty of Tordesillas: An agreement between Spain and Portugal in 1494 that divided newly discovered territories outside Europe into separate spheres of influence.
Brazil: The largest country in South America, which was colonized by Portugal and became a major source of wealth through sugar plantations and later gold mining.
Columbian Exchange: The widespread transfer of plants, animals, diseases, and culture between the Americas and Afro-Eurasia following Christopher Columbus's voyages.