Colonialism is the practice by which a powerful country directly controls less powerful areas and exploits them economically, politically, and culturally.
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Decolonization: The process by which colonies become independent from their colonizers.
Mercantilism: An economic policy common during colonial times where colonies were forced to trade only with their mother country.
Settler Colonies: These are colonies where large numbers of people emigrate to establish permanent residence, often displacing or subjugating indigenous populations.