Civil Rights Movement: A social and political movement in the mid-20th century advocating for equal rights and treatment of African Americans, including desegregation of schools, voting rights, and an end to discrimination.
Jim Crow Laws: State laws enacted after Reconstruction (late 19th century) that enforced racial segregation and disenfranchisement of African Americans until they were declared unconstitutional through desegregation cases such as Brown v Board of Education.
NAACP: The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People is a civil rights organization founded in 1909 that played a crucial role in challenging racial segregation laws through strategic litigation efforts.