Black Death (Bubonic Plague): A devastating pandemic in Europe during the 14th century caused by Yersinia pestis bacteria transmitted through fleas on rats.
Spanish Flu: An influenza pandemic from 1918 to 1919 that infected one-third of the world's population and resulted in millions of deaths worldwide.
COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019): A current global pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) that emerged in late 2019, leading to widespread illness and fatalities.