Jim Crow laws: These were state and local laws in the United States that enforced racial segregation and further perpetuated disenfranchisement.
Literacy tests: These were tests administered to potential voters to assess their reading and writing abilities. They were often used as a tool for disenfranchisement.
Poll taxes: A poll tax was a fee required to be paid by eligible voters before they could cast their ballots. It served as another barrier to voting for many African-Americans during this time period.