Federalism: A system of government where power is divided between a central authority (federal government) and individual states, with each having specific powers.
War of 1812: A conflict fought between the United States and Britain, primarily over issues related to trade restrictions, impressment of American sailors, and British support for Native American resistance against U.S. expansion.
Monroe Doctrine: A U.S. foreign policy that declared the Americas off-limits for European colonization or interference while asserting America's dominance in the western hemisphere.