Open Door Policy (China): A diplomatic concept applied specifically to China during the late 19th and early 20th centuries which called for equal trading rights among all foreign nations.
Treaty of Portsmouth: The treaty signed in 1905 that ended the Russo-Japanese War facilitated by President Theodore Roosevelt's mediation efforts.
Meiji Restoration: Refers to the period in Japanese history when Emperor Meiji was restored to power, leading to significant political and social reforms that modernized Japan.