A European monarch refers to a ruler or king/queen of a European country during the time period in question. They held significant power and authority over their respective realms.
Related terms
Colonialism: The policy or practice of acquiring control over other territories, usually distant lands, by settling them with people from the ruling country.
Mercantilism: An economic system in which colonies exist to benefit the mother country by providing raw materials and serving as markets for its manufactured goods.
Transatlantic trade: The exchange of goods, resources, and slaves between Europe, Africa, and the Americas across the Atlantic Ocean during this time period.