Monetary Policy: Monetary policy refers to actions taken by the central bank (in the US, it's the Federal Reserve) to control the supply of money and interest rates in order to stabilize the economy.
Budget Deficit: A budget deficit occurs when a government spends more money than it collects in revenue during a specific period.
National Debt: National debt is the total amount of money that a country's government has borrowed, typically through issuing bonds or borrowing from other countries or institutions.