Black Codes: These were laws enacted by southern states after the Civil War which aimed to restrict the rights and freedoms of freed African Americans.
Jim Crow Laws: These were state and local laws in the United States that enforced racial segregation, primarily targeting African Americans, from the late 19th century through the mid-20th century.
Reconstruction Amendments: The Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution ratified during Reconstruction abolished slavery, guaranteed equal protection under law, and granted voting rights regardless of race or color.