The Fugitive Slave Acts were laws passed by Congress in 1793 and 1850 aimed at helping southern slaveholders recapture runaway slaves who had escaped to northern states.
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Underground Railroad: A network of secret routes and safe houses established in the United States during the early to mid-19th century, used by enslaved African-Americans to escape into free states and Canada.
Abolitionism: The movement to end slavery. This term can be used both formally and informally.
Compromise of 1850: A package of five separate bills passed by Congress that defused a political confrontation between slave and free states on the status of territories acquired in the Mexican–American War.