Pro-Slavery Societies: These were organized groups that actively promoted and advocated for the expansion and perpetuation of slavery in the United States.
Slaveholders' Associations: These were collectives formed by slave owners to protect their economic interests, defend their ownership rights over enslaved individuals, and lobby for pro-slavery legislation.
White Supremacist Organizations: Some extremist groups such as the Ku Klux Klan (KKK) used violence and intimidation tactics to maintain white dominance and support racial hierarchy based on slavery.