Rugged Individualism: This concept emphasized self-reliance and independence as a solution to economic challenges, reflecting Hoover's belief in individual responsibility.
Bonus Army: A group of World War I veterans who marched on Washington, D.C. demanding early payment of bonuses promised for their military service, which highlighted discontent with Hoover's handling of the crisis.
Hawley-Smoot Tariff Act: An act signed by President Hoover that increased tariffs on imported goods, exacerbating international trade tensions and hindering global economic recovery.