Encomienda System: The encomienda system was a form of labor organization used by Spanish colonizers where Native Americans were granted to Spanish settlers as forced laborers in exchange for conversion to Christianity.
Repartimiento System: The repartimiento system was another form of forced labor used by Spanish colonizers, where Native Americans were required to provide a certain amount of labor or goods periodically.
Slave Trade: While not specific to Spanish colonization, the slave trade involved capturing and transporting Africans forcibly to the New World as enslaved individuals who were exploited for their labor.