Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA): An organization founded by Marcus Garvey in 1914 aimed at promoting black pride, economic self-sufficiency, and establishing an independent black nation in Africa.
Black Nationalism: A political and social movement prominent in the 1960s advocating for separate identity and self-governance for African Americans within societies predominantly composed of people of other races.
Back-to-Africa Movement: A movement led by Marcus Garvey suggesting that African-Americans should return to Africa due to persistent racism in America.