Quasi-War: A undeclared naval conflict between the United States and France from 1798 to 1800. It tested America's military strength and led to diplomatic negotiations between Adams' administration and France.
Federalist Party: A political party founded by Alexander Hamilton that supported strong central government, industrialization, national banks, and close ties with Britain. Adams was part of this party.
XYZ Affair: An incident where American diplomats were asked for bribes by French officials before they would agree to negotiate. This event created anti-French sentiments in America and led to calls for war.