Prison reform refers to the attempt to improve conditions inside prisons, establish a more effective penal system, or implement alternatives to incarceration.
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Incarceration: This is the state of being confined in prison; imprisonment. It's like being grounded and sent to your room, but on a much larger scale and with legal implications.
Rehabilitation: This term refers to the action of restoring someone to health or normal life through training and therapy after imprisonment, addiction, or illness. Imagine breaking your leg and needing physical therapy afterward - rehabilitation in prisons aims at helping inmates recover from their criminal behaviors.
Recidivism: Recidivism is the tendency of a convicted criminal to reoffend. It's like when you promise yourself you'll stop eating junk food but find yourself reaching for chips again - only with legal consequences.