In this context, "Star Wars" refers to a nickname for Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI), a proposed missile defense system intended to protect United States from attack by ballistic strategic nuclear weapons. The program was announced by President Ronald Reagan on March 23, 1983.
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Arms Race: A competition between two or more states for supremacy in weaponry. During Cold War it primarily referred to U.S. and USSR developing advanced technology weapons.
Détente: The easing of strained relations, especially in politics; this term is often used in reference to general easing of relations between Soviet Union and United States in late 1960s and early 1970s.
Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD): A doctrine of military strategy where full-scale use of nuclear weapons by two opposing sides would cause complete annihilation of both attacker and defender.