Manifest Destiny: The belief held by many Americans in the 19th century that it was their destiny to expand westward and settle new territories.
Louisiana Purchase: The acquisition of a vast territory from France by President Thomas Jefferson in 1803 that more than doubled the size of the United States.
Mexican Cession: Land gained by the U.S. following its victory in the Mexican-American War, including present-day California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, and parts of other states.