Turnpikes: Toll roads that were constructed by private companies during the early 19th century. These turnpikes played a crucial role in improving transportation infrastructure.
Canals: Man-made waterways that connected rivers and lakes, allowing for more efficient transport of goods. The Erie Canal is a famous example.
Railroads: A revolutionary mode of transportation that used steam engines on iron tracks. Railroads greatly increased speed and efficiency compared to previous methods of transport like canals or horse-drawn carriages.