Arthur Danto

Definition

Arthur Danto was an influential American philosopher and art critic known for his theories on the philosophy of art, particularly regarding the nature of artistic interpretation and the role of the viewer. He is most recognized for introducing the concept of the 'artworld,' which posits that art is defined not solely by its physical properties but also by the context in which it exists, including cultural and historical frameworks.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Danto's essay 'The Artworld' published in 1964 argues that the definition of art relies heavily on its institutional context rather than just its aesthetic qualities.
2. He believed that art is not merely about visual experience but encompasses a deeper philosophical understanding of meaning and interpretation.
3. Danto famously analyzed the difference between ordinary objects and art using examples like Marcel Duchamp's 'Fountain,' which challenged traditional notions of what could be considered art.
4. His ideas helped to shape contemporary discussions around postmodernism, emphasizing that meaning in art can vary widely depending on cultural context and viewer perspective.
5. Danto's influence extended beyond philosophy into the realm of art criticism, where he applied his theories to evaluate a wide range of artworks and movements throughout his career.

Review Questions

• How does Danto's concept of the 'artworld' challenge traditional views of art?
  • Danto's concept of the 'artworld' challenges traditional views by suggesting that art cannot be defined solely by its physical characteristics or aesthetic qualities. Instead, he emphasizes that the context in which an artwork exists—including cultural, historical, and institutional factors—plays a crucial role in determining what is considered art. This shifts the focus from the object itself to the broader framework that shapes its meaning and significance.
• Discuss how Danto's theories relate to aesthetic experience and viewer interpretation in contemporary art.
  • Danto's theories highlight the importance of aesthetic experience as being deeply intertwined with viewer interpretation. He argues that understanding a piece of art involves more than just visual perception; it requires engaging with the concepts, narratives, and contexts that inform its creation. In contemporary art, this means that viewers bring their own experiences, knowledge, and perspectives to the interpretation process, leading to a multiplicity of meanings derived from a single artwork.
• Evaluate Danto's impact on the philosophy of art and its relevance in today's discussions about artistic value and meaning.
  • Danto's impact on the philosophy of art has been profound, as he provided a framework for understanding how context influences artistic value and meaning. His ideas remain relevant today as discussions around artistic authenticity, originality, and cultural significance continue to evolve. As artists push boundaries with new mediums and forms, Danto's emphasis on the importance of contextual interpretation helps navigate complex debates about what constitutes valuable art in a rapidly changing landscape.

Related terms

Artworld: A term coined by Danto that refers to the cultural and institutional contexts that determine what is considered art and how it is interpreted.

Aesthetic Experience: The subjective experience of perceiving art, which involves emotional responses and intellectual engagement with a work.

Narrative Theory: A theoretical approach that emphasizes the importance of storytelling in art, suggesting that understanding a work requires considering its narrative context.