Attalid Dynasty

Definition

The Attalid Dynasty was a ruling family that governed the Hellenistic kingdom of Pergamon from the 3rd century B.C. to the 1st century B.C., known for its significant contributions to the arts, culture, and architecture. This dynasty emerged as a prominent power following the fragmentation of Alexander the Great's empire and became notable for its role as a patron of the arts, fostering a rich cultural environment that reflected their ambitions and authority through monumental art and architecture.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Attalid Dynasty was founded by Philetaerus around 282 B.C. after he declared independence from the Seleucid Empire, establishing Pergamon as an influential city-state.
2. The dynasty is renowned for its contributions to Hellenistic art and architecture, including the construction of grand structures like the Altar of Zeus, which exemplifies their artistic ambitions.
3. Attalid rulers were known for their extensive library in Pergamon, rivaling the Library of Alexandria and promoting scholarship and literature.
4. The dynasty utilized art as a means to project their power, commissioning numerous sculptures and public monuments that celebrated their achievements and divine favor.
5. In 133 B.C., with the death of the last Attalid king, Attalus III, Pergamon was bequeathed to Rome, marking a significant shift in power dynamics in the region.

Review Questions

• How did the Attalid Dynasty use art and architecture to enhance their political power?
  • The Attalid Dynasty strategically used art and architecture as tools to project their political power and legitimacy. By commissioning grand monuments such as the Altar of Zeus, they showcased not only their wealth but also their divine favor. The investment in monumental structures created a lasting legacy that reinforced their status among Hellenistic rulers while fostering a sense of cultural identity within their kingdom.
• In what ways did the patronage of the arts by the Attalid Dynasty influence Hellenistic culture?
  • The patronage provided by the Attalid Dynasty significantly influenced Hellenistic culture by encouraging artistic innovation and scholarship. Their support led to advancements in various art forms, including sculpture and painting, characterized by greater realism and emotional depth. This investment in culture not only enriched Pergamon but also set trends that would resonate throughout the Hellenistic world, influencing artists and thinkers beyond their immediate realm.
• Evaluate the impact of the Attalid Dynasty's legacy on later Roman culture following its incorporation into Rome.
  • The legacy of the Attalid Dynasty had a profound impact on Roman culture after Pergamon became part of Rome in 133 B.C. The artistic styles and cultural practices established during their reign were adopted by Roman elites who sought to emulate Hellenistic sophistication. This led to a blending of artistic traditions where Roman architecture, sculpture, and urban planning were heavily influenced by the monumentalism and aesthetics championed by the Attalids. As such, this fusion played a crucial role in shaping Roman identity and cultural expression during its imperial phase.

Related terms

Pergamon: An ancient Greek city in modern-day Turkey, which served as the capital of the Attalid Dynasty and became a center of art, culture, and scholarship.

Hellenistic Art: A style of art that developed in the Hellenistic period, characterized by increased realism, emotional expression, and an emphasis on individuality.

Patronage: The support given by a patron to artists and architects, often leading to the creation of significant works that reflect the patron's power and influence.