Sensory receptor

Definition

Sensory receptors are specialized cells or structures that detect specific types of stimuli and convert them into neural signals. These signals are then transmitted to the central nervous system for processing.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Sensory receptors can be classified based on the type of stimulus they detect, such as mechanoreceptors for touch, photoreceptors for light, and chemoreceptors for chemicals.
2. Each sensory receptor has a threshold level that must be reached before it generates a signal.
3. The process by which sensory receptors convert stimuli into electrical signals is known as transduction.
4. Sensory adaptation occurs when receptors become less responsive to constant stimuli over time.
5. Different areas of the body have varying densities of sensory receptors, affecting sensitivity.

Review Questions

• What is the role of sensory receptors in the sensory system?
• How do sensory receptors contribute to the process of transduction?
• Can you name three types of sensory receptors and describe their functions?

Related terms

Neuron: A cell specialized in transmitting nerve impulses; fundamental unit of the nervous system

Transduction: The process by which a cell converts an external stimulus into an internal electrical signal

Sensory Adaptation: A decrease in sensitivity to a constant stimulus over time