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Acids are substances that donate protons (H+) when dissolved in water. They have a pH less than 7 and can be strong or weak depending on their degree of ionization in water.
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Base: Substances that accept protons (H+) and have a pH greater than 7.
pH Scale: A logarithmic scale used to measure the acidity or basicity of a solution, ranging from 0 to 14.
Buffer: A solution that resists changes in pH when small amounts of acid or base are added.