Carbon sequestration

Definition

Carbon sequestration is the process of capturing and storing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) to mitigate the effects of climate change. This can occur naturally through biological processes, such as photosynthesis in plants, or artificially through technologies that capture CO2 emissions from industrial sources. Effective carbon sequestration contributes to ecosystem health and helps in ecological restoration efforts.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Carbon sequestration can be achieved through both natural processes, such as afforestation and reforestation, and technological methods like carbon capture and storage (CCS).
2. Healthy ecosystems, such as forests, wetlands, and grasslands, serve as significant carbon sinks, absorbing CO2 from the atmosphere and storing it in biomass and soils.
3. Soil carbon storage is essential for maintaining soil health, promoting biodiversity, and enhancing agricultural productivity while also sequestering carbon.
4. The effectiveness of carbon sequestration can be influenced by land management practices; sustainable practices enhance carbon storage potential.
5. Urban areas can implement green infrastructure, such as green roofs and urban forests, to enhance carbon sequestration while improving air quality and community well-being.

Review Questions

• How do natural ecosystems contribute to carbon sequestration, and what roles do keystone species play in this process?
  • Natural ecosystems contribute to carbon sequestration by acting as carbon sinks, where plants absorb CO2 during photosynthesis. Keystone species play a crucial role by maintaining the structure and diversity of these ecosystems. For example, certain trees in a forest can enhance the overall productivity of the ecosystem, leading to greater biomass accumulation and increased carbon storage. By supporting various species that depend on these keystone species, overall ecosystem health is improved, resulting in enhanced capacity for carbon sequestration.
• Evaluate how effective ecological restoration practices can enhance carbon sequestration in degraded habitats.
  • Ecological restoration practices can significantly enhance carbon sequestration by re-establishing native vegetation that captures more CO2. Restoring degraded habitats often involves planting native trees and shrubs that are adapted to local conditions, which not only sequester carbon but also improve biodiversity. Furthermore, practices such as restoring wetlands can increase soil organic matter and hydrology, leading to greater carbon storage potential. The careful implementation of restoration techniques ensures that both the ecological integrity of habitats is restored while simultaneously maximizing their role in climate change mitigation.
• Analyze the implications of urban ecology on carbon sequestration efforts and how cities can be designed to optimize this process.
  • Urban ecology has significant implications for carbon sequestration efforts as cities are major contributors to greenhouse gas emissions yet also have unique opportunities for enhancement. Designing cities with integrated green spaces—such as parks, green roofs, and urban forests—can increase biodiversity while capturing atmospheric CO2. The use of sustainable architecture can further aid in minimizing emissions through energy efficiency. Additionally, promoting public transportation and walkable neighborhoods reduces reliance on fossil fuels. By implementing comprehensive urban planning strategies focused on green infrastructure, cities can effectively contribute to global carbon sequestration efforts.

Related terms

photosynthesis: The process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods with the help of chlorophyll, converting carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen.

soil carbon storage: The accumulation of organic carbon in the soil as a result of plant decomposition and microbial activity, which plays a critical role in maintaining soil health and fertility.

climate change mitigation: Strategies and actions aimed at reducing or preventing the emission of greenhouse gases, thereby addressing the impacts of climate change.