Great Wall

Definition

The Great Wall is a series of fortifications built across northern China, primarily to protect against invasions from nomadic tribes. Constructed mainly during the Ming Dynasty, it symbolizes the strength and unity of the Chinese people under the centralized power established by the Qin Dynasty, emphasizing the importance of defense and control during a time of unification and the legalist approach to governance.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Great Wall spans over 13,000 miles, incorporating walls, trenches, and natural barriers, showcasing the extensive efforts made by different dynasties over centuries.
2. While the wall was initially built during earlier periods, significant expansions and renovations took place during the Ming Dynasty in response to increasing threats from Mongolian invasions.
3. The construction of the wall relied heavily on forced labor, including soldiers, peasants, and prisoners, highlighting the harsh realities of legalist policies during its building phases.
4. The Great Wall served not only as a physical barrier but also as a psychological deterrent against potential invaders, reinforcing the idea of a unified Chinese state under Qin rule.
5. Although it was effective in some aspects, the Great Wall did not completely prevent invasions; it symbolized both military strategy and the challenges of maintaining control over vast territories.

Review Questions

• How did the construction of the Great Wall reflect the political philosophies of its time, particularly Legalism?
  • The construction of the Great Wall is deeply rooted in Legalism as it demonstrates the emphasis on strict laws and control over society. Legalist principles justified the use of forced labor for its construction, showcasing how the state prioritized defense and order over individual freedoms. This reflects a broader trend during the Qin Dynasty where maintaining power through strict governance was essential for unifying diverse regions against external threats.
• Discuss the significance of the Great Wall in relation to Qin unification efforts and how it symbolized centralized power.
  • The Great Wall served as a crucial element in Qin unification efforts by establishing a tangible boundary that represented the strength and authority of a centralized government. It not only provided physical protection against invasions but also acted as a symbol of national unity and identity. By fortifying their northern borders, the Qin demonstrated their commitment to safeguarding their newly unified territory and deterring nomadic incursions, thereby reinforcing their control over a vast expanse of land.
• Evaluate how the Great Wall's purpose evolved during different dynasties and what this reveals about changing political contexts in China.
  • The purpose of the Great Wall evolved significantly from its initial construction during earlier dynasties to its major enhancements during the Ming Dynasty. Initially built for military defense against invasions, its role shifted to symbolize national unity and pride as dynasties changed. This evolution reveals how political contexts influenced strategies for governance; while earlier rulers focused solely on defense, later dynasties recognized the wall's potential to foster national identity and deter invaders psychologically. The Great Wall thus mirrors China's shifting priorities in response to internal cohesion and external pressures throughout its history.

Related terms

Qin Dynasty: The first imperial dynasty of China, which unified various warring states and established a centralized government that laid the foundation for future Chinese empires.

Legalism: A political philosophy in ancient China that emphasized strict laws and harsh punishments as a means of maintaining order and control in society.

Ming Dynasty: The dynasty that ruled China from 1368 to 1644, known for its cultural achievements and for the major construction projects including the enhancement of the Great Wall.