Elitism

Definition

Elitism is the belief that a select group of individuals, often distinguished by intelligence, wealth, or social status, should hold power and influence in society. This concept suggests that certain people are inherently more qualified to govern or make decisions for the masses, leading to a hierarchy that prioritizes the elite over the general population. In political theory, this raises questions about democracy, representation, and the role of the common citizen in governance.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Plato's political theory embodies elitism through his idea of philosopher-kings, who are seen as the most knowledgeable and thus best suited to rule society.
2. Critics argue that elitism undermines democratic principles by limiting participation and decision-making to a select few, potentially leading to tyranny.
3. Elitism can manifest in various forms, including intellectual elitism, where knowledge and education are viewed as prerequisites for leadership roles.
4. In modern contexts, elitism can be seen in political systems where lobbyists and wealthy individuals exert disproportionate influence over policy decisions.
5. The concept of elitism raises ethical concerns about social inequality and whether those in power act in the best interest of all citizens or primarily for the elite.

Review Questions

• How does Plato's idea of philosopher-kings illustrate the concept of elitism in his political theory?
  • Plato's idea of philosopher-kings showcases elitism by positing that only those with philosophical wisdom are fit to govern. He argues that these enlightened individuals possess the knowledge necessary to create a just society. This belief implies that ordinary citizens lack the intellectual capacity to make informed decisions, thus justifying a hierarchical structure where power is concentrated in the hands of a knowledgeable elite.
• What are some criticisms of elitism regarding its impact on democratic governance?
  • Critics contend that elitism undermines democratic governance by concentrating power among a select few, potentially leading to decisions that do not reflect the will or needs of the broader population. This could foster disenfranchisement among citizens who feel their voices are unheard. Additionally, elitist structures may create a disconnect between leaders and constituents, hindering accountability and promoting policies that favor the elite over the general public.
• Evaluate the relevance of elitism in contemporary political systems and its implications for social equality.
  • Elitism remains highly relevant in contemporary political systems where wealth and influence often dictate policy outcomes. The presence of lobbying groups and wealthy donors can distort democratic processes, resulting in legislation that primarily benefits elites while marginalizing the needs of ordinary citizens. This reinforces social inequality by perpetuating barriers to entry for diverse voices in politics, prompting critical discussions about how to ensure fair representation and equal access to power within modern democracies.

Related terms

Aristocracy: A form of government in which power is held by a small privileged ruling class, often based on nobility or hereditary status.

Oligarchy: A political system where power resides with a small group of individuals or families, often characterized by their shared interests and wealth.

Meritocracy: A social system in which individuals are rewarded and advanced based on their abilities and merits rather than their social class or background.