Parliament

Definition

Parliament is the supreme legislative body in Canada, responsible for making laws and governing the country. It consists of two houses: the House of Commons, where members are elected, and the Senate, where members are appointed. The establishment of Parliament was a significant aspect of the British North America Act, which laid the foundation for the Dominion of Canada and marked a shift towards self-governance within the British Empire.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Parliament was established in 1867 with the passing of the British North America Act, marking a crucial step towards Canada's independence and self-governance.
2. The first session of Parliament took place in Ottawa in 1867, highlighting the new capital's significance as the political center of Canada.
3. Parliament has the authority to create, amend, and repeal laws, playing a key role in shaping Canadian society and governance.
4. Members of Parliament in the House of Commons are elected every four years, ensuring representation of Canadian citizens in the legislative process.
5. The Senate serves as a check on legislation passed by the House of Commons, with Senators reviewing bills to provide stability and continuity in governance.

Review Questions

• How does the structure of Parliament influence the legislative process in Canada?
  • The structure of Parliament, consisting of the elected House of Commons and the appointed Senate, creates a bicameral system that allows for comprehensive law-making. Members in the House of Commons represent the public's voice through elections, while Senators provide expertise and regional representation. This dual approach encourages thorough debate and scrutiny of proposed laws, ensuring that legislation reflects diverse perspectives before becoming law.
• Discuss the implications of the British North America Act on Canada's political development and its parliamentary system.
  • The British North America Act was pivotal in establishing Canada's parliamentary system and federal structure. It created a framework for governance that balanced powers between provincial and federal levels while introducing a representative democracy through Parliament. This act not only marked Canada's transition from colonial rule to self-governance but also laid down principles that continue to shape Canadian politics today.
• Evaluate how changes within Parliament reflect broader social changes in Canadian society since its creation.
  • Since its inception, Parliament has adapted to reflect significant social changes in Canadian society, including increased representation for women and Indigenous peoples. For instance, women's suffrage movements led to their eventual inclusion as MPs, while recent reforms have sought to address Indigenous representation. These changes within Parliament illustrate how it responds to societal demands and evolving values, ensuring that governance remains relevant to all Canadians.

Related terms

House of Commons: The lower house of Parliament, composed of Members of Parliament (MPs) who are elected by the public to represent various constituencies.

Senate: The upper house of Parliament, made up of Senators who are appointed by the Governor General on the advice of the Prime Minister, providing a chamber for review and revision of legislation.

British North America Act: The legislation passed by the British Parliament in 1867 that created the Dominion of Canada and established its federal structure, including the formation of Parliament.