1987 Constitution

Definition

The 1987 Constitution is the fundamental law of South Korea that established a democratic system of government following years of authoritarian rule. This constitution was a direct result of the popular democratization movements in the 1980s, which aimed to end military dictatorship and promote civil rights. It marked a significant shift in South Korea's political landscape by introducing measures that protected human rights, ensured freedom of speech, and established a more accountable government.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The 1987 Constitution was enacted on October 29, 1987, as a response to widespread public demand for democratic governance and human rights protections.
2. One of the key features of the 1987 Constitution is the direct election of the president, which replaced the previous system of indirect elections that favored military rulers.
3. The constitution also established the Constitutional Court, which oversees constitutional disputes and protects civil rights.
4. It introduced various civil liberties including freedom of speech, assembly, and press, aiming to create a more open political environment.
5. The passage of the 1987 Constitution is considered a watershed moment in South Korea's history, solidifying its status as a democratic nation and inspiring similar movements across Asia.

Review Questions

• How did the June Democratic Uprising contribute to the establishment of the 1987 Constitution?
  • The June Democratic Uprising was pivotal in pushing for democratic reforms in South Korea. Mass protests and public demonstrations during this period demonstrated widespread discontent with authoritarian rule and demanded greater civil liberties. The pressure from these protests ultimately compelled the ruling government to agree to constitutional changes, leading to the adoption of the 1987 Constitution that enshrined democratic principles.
• Evaluate the impact of Kim Young-sam's presidency on the implementation of the 1987 Constitution.
  • Kim Young-sam's presidency had a profound impact on the implementation of the 1987 Constitution. He was instrumental in transitioning South Korea from military dictatorship to civilian rule, promoting reforms that strengthened democracy and human rights. His administration also focused on anti-corruption measures and economic reform, reinforcing the principles laid out in the constitution and contributing to South Korea's development as a robust democracy.
• Assess how the emergence of civil society organizations before 1987 influenced democratic governance in South Korea post-1987.
  • The emergence of civil society organizations prior to 1987 played a crucial role in fostering democratic governance in South Korea after the constitution was adopted. These organizations mobilized citizens, advocated for human rights, and provided platforms for dissent against authoritarian rule. Their active participation not only facilitated public awareness regarding democracy but also ensured ongoing civic engagement and accountability within the new political system established by the 1987 Constitution.

Related terms

June Democratic Uprising: A series of protests in June 1987 that played a critical role in the push for democratic reforms in South Korea, leading to the adoption of the 1987 Constitution.

Kim Young-sam: A prominent political leader who became South Korea's first civilian president after the adoption of the 1987 Constitution, symbolizing the transition from military to civilian rule.

Civil Society: The arena of uncoerced collective action outside of the state, which grew significantly during the democratization movements and was crucial for advocating the constitutional changes in South Korea.