Alexander H. Stephens

Definition

Alexander H. Stephens was a prominent Georgia politician who served as the Vice President of the Confederate States during the American Civil War. Known for his articulate speeches and strong political influence, he played a crucial role in Georgia's secession from the Union and was an outspoken advocate for states' rights and the preservation of slavery as a social and economic system.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Stephens was a key figure in advocating for Georgia's secession from the Union, arguing that it was a necessary response to federal overreach.
2. He delivered the infamous 'Cornerstone Speech,' where he articulated the Confederacy's foundation on slavery, declaring it a positive good.
3. Despite his strong support for the Confederacy, Stephens later faced challenges in his political career due to his moderate views on certain issues, including reconstruction.
4. After the Civil War, Stephens was imprisoned briefly but eventually returned to politics and served in Congress after being elected as a U.S. Representative.
5. Stephens' legacy is complicated; while he was celebrated in some circles for his leadership during the Confederacy, he is also criticized for his staunch defense of slavery.

Review Questions

• How did Alexander H. Stephens influence Georgia's decision to secede from the Union?
  • Alexander H. Stephens significantly influenced Georgia's decision to secede by using his position as a respected politician to advocate for states' rights and justify secession. He argued that Georgia had the right to leave the Union in order to protect its economic interests and social structure based on slavery. His persuasive speeches and writings resonated with many Georgians, contributing to the state's alignment with the Confederate cause.
• Evaluate the implications of Stephens' 'Cornerstone Speech' on public perception of the Confederacy and its values.
  • Stephens' 'Cornerstone Speech' had profound implications for public perception of the Confederacy, as it explicitly stated that slavery was the foundational principle of the new nation. This candid acknowledgment drew both support and criticism, reinforcing the view that the Confederacy was fundamentally tied to the institution of slavery. The speech highlighted internal justifications for secession, further entrenching ideological divides between North and South during the Civil War.
• Critically assess how Alexander H. Stephens' views evolved during and after the Civil War, especially concerning reconstruction policies.
  • Alexander H. Stephens’ views evolved considerably during and after the Civil War, particularly as he grappled with the realities of reconstruction. Initially a staunch defender of Southern rights and slavery, his post-war experiences led him to adopt more moderate stances on some issues, although he still opposed radical reconstruction efforts. His attempts to reconcile with Union policies while maintaining his Southern identity illustrate the complex challenges faced by former Confederates in a rapidly changing political landscape.

Related terms

Confederate States of America: A collection of secessionist states that formed their own government during the Civil War, primarily to uphold slavery and resist federal authority.

Secession: The act of withdrawing formally from an organization or political entity, such as the Union, which several Southern states did prior to the Civil War.

States' Rights: The political doctrine that emphasizes the rights and powers of individual states over the federal government, particularly regarding issues like slavery and governance.