Aeschines

Definition

Aeschines was an influential Athenian orator and politician in the 4th century BCE, known for his skills in rhetoric and his role in the political arena during the turbulent times of ancient Athens. His contributions to oratory are significant, especially as he often debated against his rival Demosthenes, advocating for a pro-Macedonian stance while critiquing the aggressive policies towards Philip II of Macedon. Aeschines is best remembered for his speeches that exemplify the art of persuasion in ancient Greek politics.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Aeschines served as a public official and was involved in several diplomatic missions, including negotiations with Macedonia.
2. He is known for his three major speeches: 'Against Timarchus', 'On the Embassy', and 'Against Ctesiphon', which showcase his rhetorical skills.
3. Aeschines founded a school of rhetoric after his political career, contributing to the education of future orators.
4. His rivalry with Demosthenes became legendary, highlighting contrasting views on foreign policy regarding Macedonia.
5. In 324 BCE, Aeschines was defeated in a trial by Demosthenes, leading him to go into exile, which marked a significant moment in Athenian political history.

Review Questions

• How did Aeschines' approach to rhetoric differ from that of his contemporary Demosthenes?
  • Aeschines' approach to rhetoric was characterized by a more conciliatory and pragmatic stance towards Macedonia, whereas Demosthenes adopted a more aggressive and patriotic tone advocating for resistance against Macedonian influence. This difference highlighted their contrasting political ideologies; Aeschines believed in diplomacy and negotiation, while Demosthenes pushed for active confrontation. Their rivalry not only shaped their personal legacies but also influenced the larger political landscape of Athens during this time.
• Discuss the significance of Aeschines’ major speeches in the context of ancient Greek politics and rhetoric.
  • Aeschines' major speeches played a crucial role in the political debates of ancient Greece, particularly in shaping public opinion regarding Macedonian influence. His speech 'Against Timarchus' focused on issues of morality and citizenship, establishing a precedent for using personal attacks in political rhetoric. Additionally, 'On the Embassy' outlined his defense of diplomatic actions taken with Macedonia. These works exemplified how rhetoric could be used not just to persuade but also to mobilize citizens around key political issues.
• Evaluate how Aeschines’ legacy as an orator reflects the broader themes of persuasion and power dynamics in ancient Greece.
  • Aeschines’ legacy as an orator illustrates essential themes of persuasion and power dynamics prevalent in ancient Greek society. His ability to sway public opinion through eloquent speech underscores the importance of rhetoric as a tool for political influence. By aligning himself with Macedonian interests at a time when many Athenians sought to resist them, Aeschines navigated complex power dynamics between city-states and external forces. The outcomes of his speeches and political maneuvers demonstrate how rhetoric not only shaped individual careers but also influenced historical events and decisions within Athens.

Related terms

Demosthenes: Demosthenes was a prominent Athenian statesman and orator, recognized as one of the greatest speakers in ancient Greece, known for his fierce opposition to Macedonian influence and his advocacy for Athenian democracy.

Rhetoric: Rhetoric is the art of effective or persuasive speaking or writing, particularly important in public discourse and political arenas, heavily studied and practiced in ancient Greece.

Philippics: The Philippics are a series of speeches by Demosthenes directed against Philip II of Macedon, emphasizing the danger posed by Macedonian expansion and calling for Athenian unity and resistance.