Barium

Definition

Barium is a chemical element with the symbol Ba and atomic number 56. It is an alkaline earth metal that is characterized by its reactivity and the formation of various compounds, particularly in the context of reactions involving alkali and alkaline earth metals. Barium compounds are often used in medical imaging and various industrial applications due to their unique properties.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Barium is highly reactive and readily forms compounds with nonmetals, such as oxygen and sulfur, often resulting in the formation of barium oxide or barium sulfate.
2. In its pure form, barium is a soft, silvery-white metal that can tarnish quickly when exposed to air due to the formation of a protective oxide layer.
3. Barium compounds are utilized in various applications, including the production of fireworks, where barium salts produce green colors, and in oil drilling fluids to increase density.
4. Barium hydroxide is a strong base that can react with acids to produce barium salts, which are crucial in many chemical reactions and industrial processes.
5. Due to its high atomic weight, barium has limited biological significance; however, it can be toxic in large amounts, especially in certain soluble forms.

Review Questions

• What role does barium play in the formation of compounds with nonmetals and how does this relate to its reactivity as an alkaline earth metal?
  • Barium's role in forming compounds with nonmetals is closely tied to its reactivity due to its low ionization energy and ability to lose two electrons easily. As an alkaline earth metal, barium reacts readily with nonmetals like oxygen and sulfur, resulting in stable compounds such as barium oxide and barium sulfide. This characteristic reactivity makes it significant in various applications where these compounds are utilized.
• Analyze the importance of barium sulfate as a contrast agent in medical imaging procedures.
  • Barium sulfate's significance as a contrast agent stems from its high density and insolubility in water, making it ideal for enhancing visibility during X-ray imaging of the gastrointestinal tract. When ingested or administered rectally, it coats the lining of the digestive system, allowing for clearer images during diagnostic procedures. This property helps doctors identify abnormalities such as tumors or blockages within the digestive system.
• Evaluate the environmental and health implications associated with the use of barium compounds in industrial applications.
  • The use of barium compounds in various industries raises important environmental and health concerns due to their toxicity when ingested or inhaled. While barium sulfate is generally safe because of its insolubility, other soluble barium compounds can pose serious health risks, leading to issues like respiratory distress or gastrointestinal complications. Therefore, evaluating safety measures and regulations regarding exposure is crucial to protect both workers and the environment from potential harm.

Related terms

Alkaline Earth Metals: A group of six chemical elements in Group 2 of the periodic table, which includes beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, and radium, known for their similar properties and reactivity.

Barium Sulfate: A white crystalline solid that is highly insoluble in water, commonly used as a contrast agent in medical imaging of the gastrointestinal tract.

Hydroxide: A chemical compound containing the hydroxide ion (OH-), which can form strong bases when combined with alkali or alkaline earth metals, including barium hydroxide.