Alpha particles

Definition

Alpha particles are a type of ionizing radiation consisting of two protons and two neutrons bound together. They are emitted from the nucleus of certain radioactive elements during alpha decay.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Alpha particles have a +2 charge due to their two protons.
2. They have relatively low penetration power and can be stopped by a sheet of paper or human skin.
3. Alpha particles are typically emitted from heavy elements like uranium, radium, and polonium during radioactive decay.
4. In nuclear equations, an alpha particle is represented as $^4_2He$ or $\alpha$.
5. Exposure to alpha particles can be harmful if ingested or inhaled, causing damage to biological tissues.

Review Questions

• What is the composition of an alpha particle?
• Why do alpha particles have low penetration power?
• How is an alpha particle represented in nuclear equations?

Related terms

Beta Particle: A high-speed electron or positron emitted from the nucleus during beta decay.

Gamma Ray: A form of electromagnetic radiation with high energy, often emitted alongside alpha or beta particles during radioactive decay.

Nuclear Decay: The process by which an unstable atomic nucleus loses energy by emitting radiation, such as alpha particles, beta particles, or gamma rays.