Dissociation

Definition

Dissociation is the process by which an ionic compound separates into its individual ions when dissolved in a solvent, typically water. This process is crucial for understanding how electrolytes conduct electricity in solution.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Dissociation occurs when ionic compounds dissolve in water, breaking into cations and anions.
2. The extent of dissociation affects the electrical conductivity of the solution.
3. Strong electrolytes fully dissociate in water, while weak electrolytes only partially dissociate.
4. The degree of dissociation can be influenced by factors such as temperature and concentration.
5. Common examples of substances that undergo dissociation include salts like sodium chloride (NaCl) and acids like hydrochloric acid (HCl).

Review Questions

• What happens to an ionic compound during the process of dissociation?
• How does the extent of dissociation affect the electrical conductivity of a solution?
• What is the difference between strong electrolytes and weak electrolytes in terms of dissociation?

Related terms

Electrolyte: A substance that produces ions when dissolved in water, resulting in a solution that can conduct electricity.

Ionization: The process by which neutral molecules gain or lose electrons to form ions, often occurring alongside or independently from dissociation.

Solubility: The ability of a substance to dissolve in a solvent, forming a homogeneous mixture at a specified temperature and pressure.