Intro to Chemistry

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Solid

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Intro to Chemistry

Definition

A solid is a state of matter characterized by particles arranged in a fixed, closely packed structure, resulting in a definite shape and volume. Solids resist changes to their shape and volume under normal conditions.

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5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

  1. Solids have definite shape and volume due to the strong intermolecular forces holding their particles in fixed positions.
  2. The particles in a solid vibrate but do not move from their fixed locations, contributing to the rigidity of the solid.
  3. There are two main types of solids: crystalline (with ordered structures) and amorphous (without long-range order).
  4. Crystalline solids have distinct melting points, while amorphous solids soften over a range of temperatures.
  5. Examples of solids include metals like iron, molecular solids like ice, ionic solids like table salt, and covalent network solids like diamond.

Review Questions

  • What are the main characteristics that differentiate a solid from other states of matter?
  • Explain the difference between crystalline and amorphous solids.
  • Why do crystalline solids have distinct melting points while amorphous solids do not?
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