A state is a political entity characterized by a defined territory, permanent population, government, and the capacity to enter into relations with other states. It possesses sovereignty and authority over its internal and external affairs.
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Sovereignty: The supreme power or authority of a state to govern itself or another state without any external interference.
Government: The group of people with the authority to govern a country or state, making decisions and enforcing laws within its territory.
International Relations: A field of political science that studies the interactions between states, including diplomacy, trade agreements, and conflicts