Advaita

Definition

Advaita is a philosophical concept in Hinduism that means 'non-duality' or 'not two.' It emphasizes the idea that the individual soul (Atman) is fundamentally the same as the ultimate reality (Brahman), and that the perception of separation between the two is an illusion (Maya). This perspective encourages a deep understanding of self and reality, playing a significant role in spiritual practices and devotion.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Advaita was popularized by philosopher Adi Shankaracharya in the 8th century, who established a comprehensive system of thought around non-duality.
2. In the context of Jnana Yoga, advaita teaches that knowledge and realization of one's true self lead to liberation (moksha) from the cycle of birth and death (samsara).
3. While advaita emphasizes intellectual understanding, it also influences devotional practices by inspiring seekers to view their devotion as a means to realize their unity with Brahman.
4. Advaita contrasts with dualistic philosophies in Hinduism, such as Dvaita, which maintain a clear distinction between Atman and Brahman.
5. Understanding advaita can lead to transformative experiences in meditation, where practitioners may glimpse their true nature as part of the greater whole.

Review Questions

• How does advaita influence the practices of Jnana Yoga and what implications does this have for seekers on their spiritual journey?
  • Advaita profoundly influences Jnana Yoga by providing a framework where knowledge and understanding of non-duality are central to spiritual practice. Seekers are encouraged to inquire into the nature of their own existence and recognize that their individual self (Atman) is not separate from the ultimate reality (Brahman). This realization can lead to liberation from ignorance and suffering, making knowledge a vital component of spiritual advancement.
• Discuss how prominent Bhakti saints incorporated advaita into their teachings and devotional practices.
  • Many Bhakti saints embraced elements of advaita in their teachings by emphasizing the personal relationship between the devotee and the divine while also acknowledging the underlying unity of all beings. For instance, saints like Mirabai and Tulsidas expressed devotion to God as both personal and universal, reflecting an understanding that true devotion ultimately leads to realization of oneness with Brahman. This blend of personal devotion and philosophical insight enriched the Bhakti movement, allowing followers to deepen their spiritual experiences.
• Evaluate the impact of advaita philosophy on contemporary Hindu thought and its relevance in modern spiritual practices.
  • Advaita philosophy continues to shape contemporary Hindu thought by promoting ideas of unity and interconnectedness that resonate with modern spiritual seekers. In a world often characterized by division and separation, advaita's message encourages individuals to transcend illusions of duality and recognize their inherent oneness with all existence. This has led to a revival of interest in meditation, self-inquiry, and holistic approaches to spirituality that align with advaita principles, demonstrating its lasting significance in today's spiritual landscape.

Related terms

Atman: The individual soul or self, which is believed to be eternal and ultimately identical to Brahman in advaita philosophy.

Brahman: The ultimate, unchanging reality in Hinduism, encompassing everything; in advaita, it is identified with Atman.

Maya: The illusion or appearance of duality and separateness in the world, which obscures the true nature of reality as described in advaita.