Absolute Non-Dualism

Definition

Absolute non-dualism is a philosophical concept that asserts the oneness of existence, where there is no distinction between the individual soul (Atman) and the ultimate reality (Brahman). This view emphasizes that all apparent differences in the universe are ultimately illusory, with the true nature of reality being a singular, unified whole. It connects closely to the idea of qualified non-dualism, where distinctions still exist but are integrated into a larger unity.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Absolute non-dualism posits that all distinctions, including those between individuals and the divine, are ultimately false or illusory.
2. In this view, realization comes through direct experience of one's unity with Brahman, leading to liberation from the cycle of birth and rebirth (samsara).
3. This philosophy contrasts with qualified non-dualism, which acknowledges differences but sees them as part of a larger whole.
4. Key texts that explore absolute non-dualism include the Upanishads and certain interpretations of the Bhagavad Gita.
5. Practices aimed at achieving an understanding of absolute non-dualism often involve meditation and self-inquiry to uncover one's true nature.

Review Questions

• How does absolute non-dualism differ from qualified non-dualism in terms of understanding reality?
  • Absolute non-dualism asserts that there is no fundamental distinction between Atman and Brahman, claiming that all perceived differences are illusory. In contrast, qualified non-dualism acknowledges distinctions among individuals and their relationship to Brahman but integrates them into a larger unity. This means that while qualified non-dualism accepts some level of duality for practical understanding, absolute non-dualism seeks to reveal a deeper truth that transcends all distinctions.
• Discuss the role of Maya in the context of absolute non-dualism and how it affects human perception.
  • Maya plays a crucial role in absolute non-dualism as it represents the illusion that leads individuals to perceive separateness in reality. It creates the false belief that distinctions among objects, beings, and even between oneself and Brahman are real. Understanding Maya is essential for realizing the oneness of existence; overcoming it allows individuals to see beyond appearances and recognize their inherent unity with the ultimate reality.
• Evaluate how practices such as meditation and self-inquiry contribute to realizing absolute non-dualism and its implications for personal liberation.
  • Meditation and self-inquiry are central practices in achieving realization of absolute non-dualism because they help individuals quiet the mind and explore their true nature beyond societal conditioning. Through these practices, one can directly experience their oneness with Brahman, leading to liberation from samsara. This personal transformation has profound implications for one's life, as it fosters a deep sense of peace and interconnectedness with all beings, fundamentally altering one's worldview and approach to existence.

Related terms

Advaita Vedanta: A non-dualistic school of Indian philosophy that teaches the identity of Atman and Brahman, asserting that the individual self is ultimately identical to the universal spirit.

Brahman: The ultimate, unchanging reality in Hindu philosophy, considered to be the source and essence of all existence, often identified with absolute consciousness.

Maya: The concept of illusion or ignorance that causes individuals to perceive a dualistic reality, obscuring the true nature of oneness in existence.