Random sampling

Definition

Random sampling is a statistical technique used to select a subset of individuals or artifacts from a larger population in a way that every member has an equal chance of being chosen. This method is crucial in archaeological methods as it helps to minimize bias, ensuring that the sample represents the broader context of the site or population being studied.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Random sampling helps archaeologists gather data that is more likely to reflect the true diversity of artifacts or features at a site.
2. This method can be applied in different contexts, including artifact collection, excavation planning, and site assessment.
3. In practice, random sampling can be done using tools like random number generators or drawing lots, ensuring an unbiased selection process.
4. The effectiveness of random sampling depends on the size and representativeness of the sample drawn from the larger population.
5. When random sampling is applied correctly, it enhances the reliability of statistical analyses conducted on archaeological data.

Review Questions

• How does random sampling contribute to reducing bias in archaeological research?
  • Random sampling significantly reduces bias by ensuring that every member of the population has an equal opportunity to be included in the sample. This means that findings derived from the sample are more likely to accurately represent the entire population of artifacts or features at a site. By avoiding selective inclusion, researchers can make more valid conclusions about the past societies and activities represented in their samples.
• Compare and contrast random sampling with stratified sampling in archaeological studies.
  • While random sampling selects individuals purely by chance from the entire population, stratified sampling involves dividing the population into distinct subgroups based on specific characteristics and then randomly selecting samples from each subgroup. In archaeology, stratified sampling can be beneficial for ensuring that different cultural layers or types of artifacts are adequately represented, whereas random sampling provides a broader overview without regard for specific strata.
• Evaluate the impact of applying random sampling incorrectly in an archaeological study and its potential consequences.
  • Applying random sampling incorrectly can lead to significant inaccuracies in archaeological research, such as biased results that do not represent the true diversity or distribution of artifacts. If certain areas or types of artifacts are overlooked due to poor sampling methods, this could distort interpretations about past human behavior or cultural practices. Ultimately, these misinterpretations can affect our understanding of historical contexts and lead to flawed conclusions about archaeological findings.

Related terms

stratified sampling: A sampling method that involves dividing the population into subgroups (strata) and taking random samples from each stratum to ensure representation across key characteristics.

systematic sampling: A method where samples are taken at regular intervals from a larger population, often used when a complete list of the population is available.

site survey: The systematic examination of a landscape or area to locate and record archaeological sites, often employing various sampling techniques.