Buddhism

Definition

Buddhism is a spiritual tradition founded in the 5th century BCE by Siddhartha Gautama, known as the Buddha, emphasizing the path to enlightenment through practices such as meditation, ethical conduct, and wisdom. In Korea, it has significantly influenced cultural expressions, philosophical thought, and artistic development throughout history.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Buddhism was introduced to Korea during the Three Kingdoms period (57 BCE – 668 CE) and quickly became one of the dominant religions alongside Shamanism and Confucianism.
2. The influence of Buddhism is evident in various art forms, including temple architecture, sculpture, and paintings, which often depict Buddhist themes and figures.
3. During the Goryeo Dynasty (918–1392), Buddhism flourished and contributed to the establishment of a unique Korean Buddhist identity, leading to developments in philosophy and literature.
4. The Samguk Yusa, a historical text from the Goryeo period, contains numerous legends about Buddhist monks and the spiritual significance of certain places in Korea.
5. Despite facing suppression during the Joseon Dynasty (1392–1910), Buddhism adapted by blending with local beliefs and continuing to influence Korean culture in various forms.

Review Questions

• How did Buddhism influence the development of literature and art during Korea's premodern period?
  • Buddhism played a vital role in shaping literature and art in Korea by introducing themes of enlightenment, morality, and spiritual quests. This influence can be seen in works like the Samguk Yusa, which includes tales of Buddhist monks and legends that convey moral lessons. Additionally, Buddhist art, including temple architecture and sculptures, reflected core beliefs and values of Buddhism while also showcasing distinct Korean styles.
• In what ways did Buddhism interact with other belief systems like Confucianism and Shamanism during its integration into Korean society?
  • Buddhism's integration into Korean society was marked by a complex interaction with Confucianism and Shamanism. While Confucianism emphasized social order and familial duties, Buddhism offered a spiritual alternative focused on individual enlightenment. Shamanistic practices complemented Buddhist rituals as they merged elements from both traditions, leading to a unique syncretism that enriched Korean cultural expressions while allowing for diverse spiritual practices.
• Evaluate the significance of Buddhist philosophy in shaping social values and ethical norms within premodern Korean culture.
  • Buddhist philosophy significantly shaped social values and ethical norms in premodern Korea by emphasizing compassion, mindfulness, and the pursuit of inner peace. These principles contributed to a cultural ethos that valued harmony within communities and respect for all living beings. Furthermore, Buddhist teachings on impermanence influenced the way people viewed life’s challenges and encouraged resilience in overcoming difficulties. The integration of these philosophies into daily life created a moral framework that complemented existing beliefs and practices.

Related terms

Zen Buddhism: A branch of Buddhism that emphasizes meditation and direct experience over theoretical knowledge, becoming particularly influential in Korean culture through its focus on simplicity and nature.

Lotus Sutra: An important Mahayana Buddhist text that teaches the concept of universal salvation and the potential for all beings to achieve enlightenment.

Bodhisattva: In Mahayana Buddhism, a person who is on the path to Buddhahood but delays their own enlightenment in order to help others achieve it.