A Dictionary of the English Language

Definition

A Dictionary of the English Language, compiled by Samuel Johnson and published in 1755, is a landmark work that played a crucial role in the standardization and development of English lexicography. It not only defined words but also documented their usage, etymology, and varied meanings, making it a comprehensive reference for understanding the English language. This dictionary helped to establish a more consistent vocabulary and spelling, reflecting the linguistic changes and needs of the 18th century.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Johnson's dictionary was the first comprehensive attempt to catalog the English language in a systematic way, including over 40,000 entries.
2. The dictionary included not only definitions but also literary quotations to illustrate word usage, which was innovative at the time.
3. Johnson's work emphasized clarity and accuracy, as he aimed to create a reliable resource that could serve both scholars and everyday readers.
4. Despite some criticisms regarding its subjective definitions, Johnson's dictionary set a standard for future dictionaries and lexicographical practices.
5. The publication of Johnson's dictionary significantly influenced English education, helping to shape language instruction in schools and promoting literacy among the general populace.

Review Questions

• How did Samuel Johnson's A Dictionary of the English Language contribute to the process of standardizing English during the 18th century?
  • A Dictionary of the English Language contributed to standardization by providing a comprehensive reference that defined words clearly and consistently. Johnson meticulously documented various meanings and usages while incorporating literary examples, which helped to create a unified understanding of English vocabulary. This effort not only influenced how words were used but also encouraged a more uniform approach to spelling and grammar among writers and speakers.
• In what ways did Johnson's approach to lexicography differ from earlier dictionaries, and why was this significant for English literature?
  • Johnson's approach differed from earlier dictionaries by emphasizing not just definitions but also context through literary quotations. This method provided readers with insights into how words were used in real-life contexts, enhancing their understanding. The significance lies in its impact on English literature; authors began to appreciate the richness of language and became more intentional in their word choices, leading to greater linguistic creativity.
• Evaluate the long-term effects of A Dictionary of the English Language on modern lexicography and language use today.
  • The long-term effects of A Dictionary of the English Language on modern lexicography are profound, as it established foundational principles still utilized today. Johnson's emphasis on clarity, usage examples, and etymological details shaped how dictionaries are compiled and consulted. This legacy is evident in contemporary dictionaries, which aim to be accessible while reflecting evolving language trends. Johnson's work not only legitimized lexicography as a scholarly pursuit but also influenced how we interact with language in everyday life.

Related terms

Lexicography: The art and science of dictionary-making, involving the selection, definition, and arrangement of words.

Standardization: The process of establishing and enforcing certain norms or standards within a language, particularly regarding spelling, grammar, and usage.

Etymology: The study of the origin of words and how their meanings and forms have changed over time.